Performing Rituals of Lion in Sheshtamadi of Sabzevar: Representation of Worldview and Cultural Values in Ritual
The ritual of lion is one of the rituals of Ashura which is widely performed in some parts of Iran, especially central Iran, such as Yazd and Shiraz. In the ritual of lion that is performed during the mourning of Imam Hussein, a person wearing a dress and mask in the form of a lion, performs movements and voices among Hossein’s mourners, symbolically mourning for Imam Hossein. This anthropological study describes this ritual in the region of South Sabzevar. In this regard, different versions of lion ritual of Ashura in Sabzevar are referred to and investigated. This review, with a synchronic approach inspired by Victor Turner’s theoretical discussion of ritual symbols, addresses the analysis of the ritual in question. The results of this ethnographic study show that the ritual symbol of lion is as a symbol of semantic condensation. This semantic condensation in a polarization of meaning in a range of sensory and normative issues serves the presentation of Imam’s cultural image in the studied society. This cultural image can be illustrated through concept of massive oppressed. Such a picture of Imam is a kind of Shiite worldview and theology in which the Imam is at the head of the pyramid and in the the pre-God stage; therefore, all forms of being are in its service and in control of it. Such a theology at its lower levels shows some of the cultural values of society.
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