CRISPR/Cas9 System as an Efficient Genome Editing Tool in Developing GM Crops: A Review

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated Cas9/gRNA system (CRISPR/Cas9) is a novel and an efficient targeted genome-editing technique are used to achieve new traits and crops with high quality and quantity yields. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism has been used extensively to genome editing, gene knockouts, reducing off-target effects and modulation of gene transcription with high specificity in several animal and plants through mediating double strand breaks (DSBs) in genomic DNA and making nucleotide changes in target gene. In this review, we have summarized the broad applicability of Cas9 nuclease-mediated targeted genome editing of plants for development of genetically edited crops, climate resilient and bio-energy agriculture and to develop non-GM plants along with regulating the uncertainty and the social acceptance of this new plant breeding technique. The development of GE crops, which is similar to conventional breeding crops show the high stability and efficient properties compared to genetically modified (GM) crops in different climates, social acceptance and environmental and human health concerns.