The analysis on development of chivalry and knighthood conduct in Khorasan 7th- 8th AH/13th- 14th AD centuries

The chivalry and knighthood conduct (Ayyāri) have been found in histories of many nations in different forms and types and had high status and important position. This phenomenon has played different roles and functions in the Iranian history in urban and rural communities from the pre-Islamic era to the recent time. During time, this tradition has lost some characteristics and achieved other elements due to social changes. Pursuant to Mongol Invasion (Ilqar) to Iran in 7th AH/13th AD century, political, economic and social institutions lost their previous effectiveness for a while and Iranian Community was exposed to a great challenge for the first time in the Islamic Period. The new sociopolitical conditions prepared new roles and functions for champions (Pahlivānān) and knights (Ayyārān) in the social and political scenes of this era. The Subject of the current investigation is to analyze the formation and later developments of chivalry and knighthood conducts during the aforesaid period and attempts to answer this question that why and how champions and knights achieved the social and political significance in the society at this period. The quality of the given development has not been examined in the current literutre,  thus the present paper intends to review and analyze this issue using descriptive- analytical method and via  written sources. Based on historical sources, the current paper tends to prove this point that the aforementioned period is the formative period for developing chivalry conduct.