The Role of Solar Energy in Sustainable Development in Tehran (Case Study: Residential Building)

Sustainable urban development is about building a relatively ideal and ideal city in which contemporary citizens enjoy a fairly good life and the future generation's ability to meet their needs. Tehran, as the main city in Iran, which has about 20% of the country's population and its changes are influenced extensively and directly throughout the country, should therefore be considered more than other cities in terms of urban development. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of its type, descriptive-analytical and consists of four main stages. In the first phase of this research, in order to identify and assess the current status of produced and consumed energy, we study and compare energy consumption data from all fossil fuels, non-renewable and renewable energy sources. In the second stage, the solar energy potential in Tehran, was studied using the information obtained from the synoptic station Mehrabad. In the third step, the cost of generating energy (electric energy) with fossil fuels or photovoltaic systems was compared. In the final stage, the process of designing and analyzing the choice of photovoltaic systems with run on two sample systems was implemented. The results indicate that the domestic, commercial and public sectors and transportation have the highest energy consumption in Tehran in different parts of the country. And also these two parts form the main part of energy consumption in residential areas. as of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. As of 2014, the total supply of energy (including production, imports, ...) of non-renewable fossil fuels is 1.774.5 million barrels of crude oil. By contrast, the total supply of renewable energy, especially solar energy, is only 24.9% (equivalent to crude oil barrels), which is only 0.013% of the total energy supply of the country. However, due to high capacities of different energy standards in Tehran, utility rate of solar energy this city is significant. And luckily, in recent years, there has been a downturn in the cost of photovoltaic systems. Therefore, at the end of the research, suggestions were made to enhance the role of solar energy in the sustainable development of Tehran, especially in the construction industry, contains: review and modification of urban planning rules for optimizing energy consumption of fossil fuels, by notification and coercion new guidelines for the use of solar energy in the residential areas of Tehran. Culture -building and development of incentive schemes for the prosperity of the production and use of solar energy by citizens, even in small quantities. Providing necessary infrastructure for utilizing solar energy in the household, public and commercial sectors of Tehran