Studying chemical compounds of Melia azedarach L. fruit and the insecticidal effect of extract & powder’s on Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae)

In this study, chemical compounds of Melia azedarach L. fruit and the insecticidal effect of extract & powders was investigated on adult insects of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae). Bioassays experiment with contact method was performed in a completely randomized design in laboratory conditions (temperature 25± 5 °C and relative humidity 65 ± 5%). Mortality percentage of T. castaneum by Melia fruit extract calculated at three concentrations (10, 50 and 80 mg/ml) after 12, 24 & 36 hours and also by Melia fruit powder at four different dosage (3, 4, 5 and 6 gr) after 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours respectively. Significant differences were observed on mortality percentage of T. castaneum by Melia fruit extract and powder on different concentrations after each of the times. Based on the results, mortality increased with the passage of time. The lowest and highest mortality of T. castaneum was in use of M. azedarach fruit extract in 10 and 80 mg/ml concentrations after 12 & 36 hours (17.50± 2.50 % & 81.75 ± 11.89%) respectively. Also the highest and lowest mortality rate of adult insects was obtained when used Melia fruit powder at a dose of 3 and 6 grams after 24 & 96 hours (3.33 ± 2.36% & 92.00± 5.89%) respectively. In this study, 52 chemical compounds of the Melia fruit were identified by GC/Mass. The major material contains: Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy-; Methanecarbothiolic acid; Ethyl Acetate; α-D-Glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl; N,N,O-Triacetylhydroxylamine and 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one.