The effect of Bio-Fertilizer on Crops yield, sustainable agriculture and organic farming

Bio-fertilizers are one of the best modern tools for agriculture. It is a gift of our modern agricultural science. Biofertilizers are applied in the agricultural field as a replacement to our conventional fertilizers. Should be noted that these fertilizers are not as effective as chemical fertilizers. So, farmers often try to use chemical fertilizers in the field for crop development. But obviously the chemical fertilizers are not environment friendly. They are responsible for water, air and soil pollution and can spread cancer causing agents. Moreover, they may destroy the fertility of the soil in a long run. Scientists have developed Biofertilizers to prevent pollution and to make this world healthy for everybody in a natural way. Bio-fertilizer contains microorganisms which promote the adequate supply of nutrients to the host plants and ensure their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Living microorganisms are used in the preparation of bio-fertilizers. Only those microorganisms are used which have specific functions to enhance plant growth and reproduction. There are different types of microorganisms which are used in the bio-fertilizers. Bio-fertilizer being essential components of Organic farming play vital role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability. This paper describes the concept of bio- fertilizers, the challenges and solutions to improve its use. The. results of several studies in this field, are presented and analyzed.