A Study of the Reasons for the Developmentand Continuation of the Crisis in Iraq(With Emphasis on the Backgrounds of ISIS's Emergence)

This article examines the reasons for the development and continuation of the crisis situation in Iraq by addressing the fourfold security trends in the now Iraq, enumerating the factors influencing the crisis both at the internal and external levels with an emphasis on ISIS's rise. However, in terms of objective, this article seeks to investigate how the crisis emerged by an extremist group like ISIS, by emphasizing factors and invariables pertaining historical backgrounds and identity conflicts such as the problems related to peoples, religions and Iraq's social context, as well as the problems imposed by the international order that emanate from parameters like Iraq's susceptibility to them, the presence of the interventionist foreign actors as well as how the Arab countries negatively look at Iraq. The article's theoretical basis, is a realistic one that has been conducted using an explanatory-descriptive method based on the enumeration of the parameters, which falls in the category of applied-theoretical researches. The question is: "What are the reasons for the emergence of crises and the continuation of insecurities in Iraq at internal and external levels?" And the subquestion is: "Why has an extremist group like ISIS has emerged in Iraq?" The findings of this article indicate that, considering various factors at national and transnational levels in Iraq, this country is still replete with various critical factors, in a way that such conditions will continue to be instable, and fragile even if different groups relatively manage to find a way out of political deadends. Such conditions are not stable, and will continue to be fragile though; so one should always be waiting for political instability and insecurity in this country. The article concludes that considering the emergence of an extremist and Takfiri group like ISIS in Iraq, the reality is that the abating of the crisis (ISIS) in the present conditions has only been realized in the form of its lost territories, and it is mostly likely that extremism will reemerge in Iraq, this time in the form of a reemerging force with increased emphasis on parameters like human force, military force, and most importantly "ideology".