Reviewing and Criticizing the Effects of the Differential Procedures of Children and Adolescent Offenders in the Criminal Penal Code Adopted in 2013

The subject of this research is to describe, analyze, criticize and evaluate the legal provisions regarding the criminal law of children and adolescents in the formal matters and to determine the merits, disadvantages and deficiencies existing in the country's legislative policy of criminal law. The purpose of this research is to provide appropriate proposals to address the disadvantages and deficiencies in the country's legislative criminal law in the area of juvenile delinquency in order to adopt a scientific and practical legislative policy. In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and problem-oriented study that examines the differential criminal policy for juvenile treatment and juvenile delinquency in order to improve the status quo. The data and information required for research were collected through documentary and library method. To obtain the answers for the research questions analytical and descriptive methods were employed. Predicting the formation of special police for children and adolescents, the Special Tribunal for Adolescents, the Children and Adolescent Court, the Special Court One for Adolescents, the specialized courts for appeals, as well as the special rules of procedure in the Children and Juvenile Court, including the emergence of differential proceedings in The Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 2013, so it can be said that now, for the first time in the country, we are witnessing the general formation of specialized agencies of the criminal justice system for children and adolescents. On the other hand, the rules of the differential procedure for juvenile delinquency are also established. In the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 2013, we are witnessing to take a great step in the criminal legislative policy of the country in order to comply with the principles of the differential criminal policy for children and adolescents, in comparison with other laws passed after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. However, there are disadvantages and deficiencies in each of the two areas of the specialized agencies and the special procedure for juvenile delinquency, which is necessary to be addressed in future amendments to the law.