Comparative of the concept, the dimensions, and the limits of freedom and how to face it in the thoughts of Morteza Motahariand Abd al – Kareem Soroush

The concept of freedom came from the constitutional era in the Iranian intellectual arena, but the philosophical reflection on it among Iranian thinkers is a more recent phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers, Morteza Motahari and Abd al – Kareem Soroush, there have been deeper intellectual conflicts with the phenomenon of freedom. What are the similarities and differences between the two thinkers in terms of freedom? And what does Motahari and Soroush define in terms of freedom? From the perspective of these two thinkers, which dimensions and limits of freedom are they? The findings of this article suggest that Motahari is confronted with the phenomenological phenomenon of freedom with theological assumptions, and therefore he considers freedom as the existence of freedom and will in the human being, which is necessary for his spiritual excellence. While Soroush confronts modern liberal assumptions (and in particular the positivist methodology and pluralistic ontology), Freud considers freedom as the highest human value. At the same time, both thinkers, under the influence of Islamic and mystical beliefs, have two dimensions for freedom: internal freedom and outer freedom. Of course, Motahari emphasizes more on freedom of innocence and more emphasis on external freedom. Meanwhile, both thinkers of sharia and morality are considered red lines (circles) of freedom. The method of this paper is comparative