Basic considerations of passive defenses in the sustainability of fuel supply (gasoline, oil and gas) in the country in critical situations

The present study aims to identify passive defense considerations in the sustainability of fuel supply in critical situations caused by threats. The research question is: What are the main considerations of the passive defense of fuel sustainability in critical situations? It was also hypothesized that; Basic considerations of passive defense in fuel supply sustainability include retrofitting, parallelization, decentralization and crisis management. This is an applied research in which a descriptive method was used. Methods and tools for collecting information in this research are questionnaires, interviews and observations. The sample population of the study consisted of 77 experts, managers and elites specializing in the field of passive defense, oil industry, refining and distribution of petroleum products, which were selected based on the Cochran formula. In this study, a questionnaire was developed for the purpose of asset valuation, threat assessment and assessment of vulnerability, impact assessment and the provision of passive defense measures in fuel supply sustainability, and its reliability was confirmed to be 0.91, based on Cronbach’s alpha formula. Moreover, validity of the questionnaire was approved based on expert validity, using the ideas and opinions of a group of experts consisting of 15 oil industry experts. The findings of the study showed that the main considerations of passive defenses in the sustainability of fuel supply in the most important assets of this area (refineries, transfer centers and oil depots) and based on its most important threats (terrorist threat / sabotage, cyber and military attacks) and the most vulnerable (Balance of production versus consumption, inappropriate dispersion, large scale, dependence on technology and external equipment) are: Hardware and software upgrades and hardening , decentralization based on land consolidation and preparation, parallelization and reduction of units, and creating a comprehensive crisis management in the production, transmission and distribution of fuel.