dhimma during the caliphate of Abu Bakr (11-13AH)

With the arrival of Abu Bakr, various social and political changes occurred in the realm of caliphate, among which the issue of apostasy and hindrances of Zakat on the peninsula and the expansion of conquests in Mesopotamia and the Shamat were important. The growing trend of conquests in the new lands brought the Muslim community to join the dhimma. Accordingly, the present study aims to use a descriptive-analytical approach to answer the question of what social status they enjoyed from dhimma during the caliphate of Abu Bakr? The results of this research indicate that some of the dhimma, who lived on the Arabian Peninsula, joined the opposing groups after the death of the Prophet (pbuh), and they were turned away from the payment of the royalties, and some of them signed the contract of the holy Prophet (pbuh) They remained committed. Therefore, they maintained their social status and enjoyed religious and religious freedoms. The people of dhimma were in the same situation in Iraq and in the shamat, and some turned to war, and they accepted certain conditions of dhimma and enjoyed the Islamic State’s support by paying a fine.