Colonel Nusrat Allah khan Azad rad, one of jungle movement commander

When the first world war extended into Iran, the unstable government and the third hesitant parliament (Majlis) were not able to show any positive actions. And people’s fate was in hand of their own emotions and actions. With the formation of the national defense committee, many personnel of the country police (Gendarmerie) and the police (Nazmieh), trained by Swedish advisors, and the hope of parliament, liberals, and nationalists joined the committee, and some others joined the Jangal movement, which in those days was formed in northern parts of the country by the leadership of Mirza Koochak Khan to confront the invaders. This article is written by referring to the firsthand and often unpublished sources, including available written and oral personal memoirs and newspaper reports, with this attempts to convey the extent of the national sentiment of the people of this country, who had welcomed the danger and faced death to save their beloved homeland and preserve the country’s independence. And last, it comes to this conclusion that during her history the people of this state have always defended the independence and territorial integrity of their country up to their last breath.