Simulation - Optimization of water resources with the objective of minimizing unmet demands and minimizing harvesting of groundwater resources (case study: Zahedan Basin)

The purpose of this research is to simulate and optimize the utilization of water resources of Zahedan in the next 20 years under various management scenarios. In order to reach the definitive optimal point in this issue, minimization of non-supply demands and minimization of withdrawal from groundwater resources in a single target was studied using a one-goal PSO algorithm. Five scenarios were defined and the results of these scenarios were compared. The results of the research showed that in the reference scenario with increasing population, in the final years of the simulation period, we will face the water stress. The second scenario, with the allocation of refined effluents to the industry and green spaces, was fully funded. In the third scenario, assuming the second line of water transfer from the well, the demands of drinking, industry and the environment will be fully met. The supply of drinking demands in August, June, and September was 4.9, 3.39, 3.21 and 1.20%, respectively. The results showed that this optimization algorithm has been able to reduce the failures. Finally, the ideal scenario was defined by combining the second and third scenarios based on the optimal amount of harvest from the groundwater source. In this scenario, the demands of drinking, industry, and green space are fully met and agricultural demands of over 95%. Also, the rate of harvesting of groundwater resources in the optimal and ideal scenario was 4.95 and 17 percent, respectively, compared to the reference scenario.