Minralization and genesis of the Baharieh Cu deposit (NE Kashmar) based on mineralography, geochemistry and fluid inclusion evidences

The Baharieh copper deposit with 1 Mt Cu ore, is located in 30 km of NE Kashmar city and it’s belong to Sabzevar zone and Taknar metallogenic area. The copper mineralization as stratabound and 200m length with east-west trending which occurs in porphyric andesitic tuff (middle Eocene). Volcanic to subvolcanic rocks are composed of andesite, dacite and rhyolite and shows calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinities. According to geochemistry of immobile trace elements (e.g., La, Yb and Zr), the igneous rocks straddle within active continent margin arcs. The vein minerals consist of main sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite and pyrite, which accompanied with bornite, covelline, and chalcocite. Silicic, calcitic, chloritic and argillic are the main alteration assemblage with mineralization. Two types of fluid inclusions including of liquid-rich (LV-type) and vapor-rich (VL-type) are distinguished in quartz-ore stage of the Baharieh deposit. Homogenization temperature and salinity are recorded varies from 187 to 356°C and 0.99 to 18.7 wt% NaCl eq. Some characteristic as vein, breccia and vuggy textures, volcanic host rocks, low temperature alteration, simple ore minerals and high chalcopyrite content, temperature and salinity of fluids and the other evidences shows Baharieh copper deposit is similar to in Cu (Ag) manto-type (volcanic red bed) deposit at Chile.