Analyzing influential factors on non-oil export development in terms of risk in Iran’s Custom Administration

Trade affairs, particularly export, have been always encountered with risks and uncertainties. It is obvious that coping with these risk categories requires a systematic process for identifying, analyzing and responding to the risks in order to maximize the results of positive events and minimizing the consequences of bad and negative events that can affect the main goals of export. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to design and determine the optimal risk management model and its executive requirements in the Islamic Republic of Iran's Custom Administration (IRICA) with the export development approach. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section was the managers and experts of the IRICA in Tehran and in the quantitative section, was all experts of customs with a definitive export procedure. The sample needed for qualitative interviews was collected to the extent of theoretical saturation through a targeted judgment sampling. The qualitative data was analyzed by the grounded theory. Out of 181 subcategories extracted from verbal propositions, 41 core categories were extracted which formed the paradigm model of export risk management. Results indicated that product-based risk, trade risk, export decleration risk, non-performance risk, credit risk, transportation risk, individual based risk, and legal risk are the main export risks in Iran and related strategies were suggested. In addition, contextual factors including cultural, legal, environmental, economic, and political facors as well as mediator factors including quality of export operation mechanisms, human resource quality and stakeholder participation have affectd the risk management strategies.