"The Daughters of Allah" and the Challenge of Their Gender Valuation in the Holy Qur'an

The term "The Daughters of Allah" is a historical concept that had a longstanding tradition among ancient peoples, including the Arabs of the Prophet's era. The severe denunciation of the Quran to this historical idea and then the destruction of it by theologians in the Islamic period has led various scholars, from Muslim commentators to Western scholars, examine the nature and identity of these daughters in polytheistic religious beliefs in pre-Islamic Arabia and discussed on their reflections in the Quran. One of the notable challenges is the gender challenge of these Daughters that may be considered as a negative evaluation of female sex and hence gender imagine as a fundamental factor in their rejection by the Qur'an. While it is difficult to establish a direct relationship between female sex and negative evaluation in Quranic teachings. For this reason, in this study, based on a pre-Islamic cultural understanding of the position of women in the social structure as well as Religious system of the pagan Arab, we will study the verses of the Quran under "the Daughters of Allah" and thereby try to find a way to out of this interpretive challenge.