Study on some of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of different organs of 3 species of Chenopodium in Sistan region

Plants are rich sources of phenolic and flavonoid compounds which are important natural antioxidants. Antioxidants today are important in terms of medicine because they reduce oxidative stress in the cells and therefore are useful in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases. Chenopodium is an herbal medicine (family, Chenopodiaceae) that is used for treat of hemorrhoids, sore throats, eye and liver disorders. The objective of this research was to study of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of three organs (leaves, stems and fruit) of 3 species of Chenopodium (Ch. ficifolium, Ch. sosnovskyi, Ch. novopokrovskyanum) in Sistan region. The essential oil of Ch. Sosnovskyi fruit analyzed by GC/MS. In general, the results showed that phenol and flavonoids had the highest levels in the fruits and leaves of the three species, and the leaves of Ch. Sosnovskyi has a higher level of phenol and flavonoid than the other two species. The highest amount of anthocyanin was observed in leaves Ch. ficifolium. GC/MS analysis showed 56 compounds in leaves of Ch. Sosnovskyi. The highest amount of essentialoil was Cymene (10.54%), Camphor (8.56), Eemol (8.47), α-Cadinol (7.74),3-dehydro-4-oxo-α-ionon l (5.97) respectively. Also, leaves of Ch. Sosnovskyi have the most antioxidant activity. In general, leaves of Ch. Sosnovskyi suggest for more research to use as pharmaceutical agent.