The Effect of Combined Application of Volck Oil, Calcium and Potassium on Budburst and Cold Tolerance Physiology of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and Volck oil separately or in combination on budburst and cold tolerance related physiological indices in Bidaneh-Sefid grapevine, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2017 in a commercial vineyard located in Abasobad of Khondab town of Markazi province. The treatments included control, Volck oil, Volck oil + Ca, Volck oil + K, K, Ca, Ca + K and Volck oil + Ca + K. the vines sprayed with Volck (1%) of calcium (2%) and potassium (3%) in two stages in mid April at the wooly stage and one week later. The traits included days to budburst, ion leakage, peroxidation of membrane lipids, chlorophyll a and b, relative water content, soluble carbohydrates, proline, soluble proteins and phenol. The combined treatment of Volch + Ca + K resulted in 5 day retardant in budburst compared to control vines. The highest concentrations of carbohydrate, phenol and protein were obtained with Ca + K combined treatment, and the lowest ones were observed in both control and Volck oil- treated vines. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll were obtained from Ca and K treatment and the lowest was observed in Volck oil treatment. The highest concentrations of proline, carbohydrate, and soluble protein were related to Ca + K treatment, and the lowest ones were obtained for control treatment. The highest relative water content, ion leakage and membrane lipid peroxidation were detected in control vines. Therefore, in order to avoid late spring frost in vineyards, the combination of Volck oil + Ca + K was found to be appropriate in vineyards.