Analysis of Adaptability Signs in the Thermal Comfort of Open Spaces(Case Study: Isfahan Residential Neighborhoods)

Adaptability in thermal comfort involves all the processes people are doing to adapt their environment and their needs. In other words, human beings themselves have changed the thermal environments as much as possible in order to achieve thermal comfort. On the other, Comfort in outdoor urban is one of the main factors of using these spaces by citizens and creating an appropriate environment for them through protecting against inappropriate climatic conditions is essential. Accordingly, the present paper tries to analyze the signs of adaptability in the thermal comfort of outdoor of residential neighborhoods in order to prove the adaptive theory in Isfahan city and finally to provide a thermal equation for determining the users comfort temperature in open spaces of residential neighborhoods. by reviewing the history of research done, it can be concluded that despite some research in this field, a research that systematically analyzes the signs of adaptive theory in the thermal comfort of open spaces in residential neighborhoods and then confirms or rejects the results and finally proves the adaptive theory has not been conducted. In addition, by the help of review of literature of researches, it can be concluded that despite the necessity and importance of thermal comfort in urban open spaces, the studies devoted to this issue are less than evaluation of the thermal comfort in buildings and closed spaces. This research, in the first step, requires a field study of environmental and personal variables and then the assessment of thermal comfort in the studied areas. This study, using case studies and field study, has dealt to collect climate variables and complete the questionnaire in four selected neighborhoods in winter and summer. In this regard, four neighborhoods of Ali Gholi Agha, Jolfa, Mardavij and Dashtestan were examined and evaluated. Sample size includes residents and users of open spaces in selected neighborhoods. 100 questionnaires were used to survey 100 people in each field under the Nicol method Therefore, in this research, 800 residents and neighborhood users were selected as the sample size who randomly completed 800 questionnaires in four neighborhoods and in two cold and hot seasons. The results related to the analysis of the signs of adaptive theory including neutral temperature, outside temperature and neutral temperature ratios, monthly temperature average and neutral temperature, and comparison of the obtained equation with other equations in the studied neighborhoods indicate that the aforementioned theory was proved in Isfahan and can be generalized.Concerning this, two thermal equations are presented to determine the users comfort temperature in the open spaces of Isfahan neighborhoods. In these equations, with the average monthly temperature and outside temperature, the comfort temperature of the open space users of the neighborhoods of Isfahan is obtained.  In general, according to the obtained equation for open spaces of Isfahan and its comparison with other equations of the open space of the world and Iran, it can be stated that people in each city and country according to their climatic, cultural and social conditions, adapt themselves to the thermal conditions of that area.