Evaluation of the effect of the return of different types of plant residues to soil on the yield of maize

To investigate the effects of the residues of pre-cultivated plants on the physical and chemical properties of two types of soils and maize yield in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Shuster Faculty of Agriculture during2014-15and2014-15.Two field experiments were performed in two years and two locations in a randomized complete block design data were subjected to combined analysis. The maize was cultivated in fields with these crop residues for two years, and then, soil properties, growth and yield characteristics of maize were studied. Measured values for such traits in sandy Loam soil were greater than clay Loam soil. The residues of pre-cultivated plants including beans, wheat, rapeseed and cabbage caused pH of soil by2%,3%,2% and 2% showed significant reduce compared to, respectively. Using residue of per-cultivated plants resulted in increased aggregate stability, organic matter, soil moisture, organic carbon, total amounts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus by50%,49%,40%,33%,22%,24% and70%, respectively, and this increase was remarkable in sandy Loam soil. The results of this study clearly indicated that the use of the crop residues of pre-cultivated plants in field increased growth, yield and yield components, and in this regard, the bean residues were more useful than other plants.