Review on Hydraulic Behavior of faults and models

Joints, deformation bands and faults are physical structures in rocks that have been developed as tabular zones of strain and fracture in response to tectonic and gravitational loading. The flow properties of faults are in general quite complex, because they can act as conduits or barriers to fluid flow. In most cases, a fault displays both aspects of this complex signature in time and space. Thus, the accurate description of permeability in the fault zone is an important aspect of the overall characterization of the reservoir or aquifer. Fault zone components consist of sheared joints, deformation bands, fragmented rock, fault rock, and slip surfaces, while damage outside of the core is in the form of joints, sheared joints and deformation bands.The distribution and orientation of these components may be variable within a fault zone, and each component has its hydraulic properties that vary as functions of geologic, mechanical, and hydrologic condition. Further, the infl uence of a given structural component on fl uid fl ow within and around a fault zone depends strongly on the component’s geometric relationship to other structural components and to the direction of fl uid fl ow in this research the different models that describe the hydraulic behavior of faults has been reviewed.