Evolution of Chiasmus in Ancient and west midlle Iranian texts
chiasmus is a literary figur that has been used in Vedic texts, Old Iranian texts (Old Persian Inscriptions, Old Avesta and Young Avesta), and West Middle Iranian texts (Zoroasterian and Manichaen texts and inscriptions). Chiasmus is a reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses. chiasmus has been compared with "tard-o-aks" and "Tašāboh-olatrāf" or "tasbīq" in Persian literature. "tard-o-aks" is an example of Chiasmus. Some of examples of "Tašāboh-olatrāf" can be regarded as Chiasmus. Chiasmus has been continued in Iranaian literature in Old, middle and new age (=persian literature), although there is not the exact equivalent for that in Persian rhetoric.
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