The Emergence of the Soul and the Body (Brain / Mind) From the Perspective of Mulla Sadra and Michael Gazzaniga

Throughout history, human beings have always explored their existential angles in various dimensions and ways. The interaction of the soul and the body is one of the issues that has been introduced from philosophy to the empirical sciences with the development of various sciences such as Cognitive Science. Mulla Sadra has answered this question in an innovative way by proposing the corporeal origination of soul on the basis of the principles of the gradation in existence and the substantial motion. Gazzaniga, as a neuroscientist, is also trying to answer the question of how the interacts of brain / mind by studying the brain and its structure in the form of a Emergentism perspective. In this article, first the Emergentism perspective is expressed, then it is attempted to provide a reading from the perspective of Mulla Sadra in the framework of theory of Emergentism and to compare it with the emergentism perspective of Gazzaniga, and finally, after comparison and analysis, their views are evaluated.