Assessment of urban resilience dimensions,with using the method average total distances of optimal limites(research on municipality 9 of Mashhad)

Cities as the most complex human-made manifestations face a wide range of risks due to a wide range of hazards and multiple vulnerabilities.Natural disasters have always been a major challenge in achieving sustainable development of human societies. As a result, ways to achieve this development have become necessary through vulnerability reduction models. Today, disaster management and sustainable development perspectives and perspectives seek to create resilient societies against natural hazards. Hence, according to many researchers, resilience is one of the most important issues for achieving sustainability. Resilience is a way to strengthen societies by using its capacities, and different definitions, approaches, indicators, and measurement models have been developed. The view that has existed in disaster management and urban management has long been the focus of coping and mitigation. In the meantime, the concept of resilience is a new concept that is used more in the face of unknowns and uncertainties. It can be said that the domain of literature on hazards and disruptions has changed in a paradigm shift from (hazard assessment) to (vulnerability analysis). It can be understood that the system can absorb and manage risks ). The framework for the Hyogo plan was approved by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) on January 22, 2005, which is a positive move in this regard. This research is aimed at: the attempt to explain the components and characteristics of resilient constructivism and to determine the contribution of factors affecting the resilience strengthening, Emphasis on recognition of different levels of resilience of individuals and groups of society, efforts to provide solutions to reduce the natural disasters of earthquakes in urban areas.Considering the study and explanation of the relationship between urban community resilience to reduce the effects of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, in order to better understand the resilience dimensions and strategies for risk reduction policies, the four dimensions of the resiliency approach have been investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze Indicators and resiliency measures, explanation of different models of resilient measurements, survey of resilience of Mashhad 9th district in accordance with selected indicators in resiliency. 9 area of Mashhad municipality in terms of accumulation of main branch faults Mashhad is of high importance in terms of crisis. Therefore, after analyzing the indices in the field of resonance and measuring these indices in the region and comparing them with the optimum level, the numerical value of the area's resilience was calculated using the average distance of the optimal range. In this The three dimensions of social, economic, and spatial dimensions were studied and the numerical values of the IIF, DSF and URF indices were calculated. Finally, the numerical value of the resilience of the area was 0.89, which shows a rather resilient state. Given the degree of resilience The weaknesses in the area were studied in the indexes and crisis in the economic dimension was strongly observed. At the end, suggestions are also given to maintain and improve desirable indicators and to improve desirable indices.