Contextual incongruity and reasoning on the basis of religious quotations

Reasoning on the basis of Hadiths, i.e. religious quotations, and historical reports should be done in a substantial manner. Whatever Hadith or historical report can be examined according to two types of evidence: contextual and meta-contextual. The latter refers to the reflection of a remark in the space where it is made. The concept of ‘incongruity’ applies to the evidence in such a context. As it is understood from the analysis of a body of evidence in this regard, incongruity may be defined as the rate of the incompatibility of the context of an utterance with the meta-context of that utterance. This study is concerned with incongruity in the space of reasoning throughout the history of Hadith, Quran and interpretation (i.e. historical theology). Since most acts of reasoning in the field of theology have ignored the level of the incongruity involved, they are evaluated as poor and inadequate. This is where paying attention to that concept finds significance.