Recognition and Evaluation of Landscape Elements of Gorgan during the era of transformation

The neighborhood is one of the most important constituents of the spatial organization of Iranian cities and as a conceptual geographical-historical location of the landscape. The neighborhood, as one of the focal points of social life and collective memories, has symbolic dimensions that require a careful study of its landscape. As one of the most important centers of civilization in northern Iran, Gorgan has diverse patterns and unique mix of neighborhoods. However, in the last century it seems that neighborhood-based living has suffered irreparable damage with the fundamental changes that have taken place through the physical interpretation of cities in the urban system. During this period, life-changing centers of the past that had profound implications for the lives of past and present inhabitants of the city were ignored and gradually led to a gradual disappearance of their lives. The first step in reviving Gorgan''s neighborhoods seems to be holistic recognition of all its spatial dimensions - natural and cultural - during this period. Landscape attitude as one of the approaches to an in-depth understanding of the physical and non-physical dimensions of place can be helpful in recognizing the spatial dimensions of Gorgan neighborhoods. Therefore, this study seeks to provide an analysis of the current status of neighborhood elements by identifying the landscape of Gorgan, expressing its landscape elements, as well as examining the evolutionary factors of these elements, and pathology.