Internal and External Information representation in complex ‎sentences of Persian Language

The information structure and how to represent it in a variety of constructions is one of the topics that has attracted much attention in the functional approaches to language review. In this article, we will look at how to distribute information from the perspective of common ground management in complex sentences. In the role and reference grammar, subordination constructions are divided into two types: daughter subordination and ad subordination. Hence, it is possible to construct external information, including information structure in an entirely subordinate clause, and constructing internal information including the embedded clause. In this research, based on the above parameters [daughter subordinate constructions vs ad subordinate and external information structure vs internal information structure] the distribution of information was examined  in complex sentences of the Persian language. The results, in brief, showed that restrictive relative clauses normally cannot host the focus of the sentence and that they are not a good domain for contrastive topics. The reason is that if there are any such categories of information, then it cannot successfully fulfil its primary function and help identify the referent of the head noun. The adverbial clauses that are kind of ad subordinate clauses cannot have internal information structure or, in other words, they cannot be questioned by any of their inner constituents. The only way to question these elements is through echo or in situ questions, which highly depend on texture. The complement clauses in the Persian language have a full internal information structure and the complement clauses with manner and factive verbs in the Persian language, especially in the language of speech, can have internal information structure; if there is a contrastive presupposition, the complement clauses will have internal information structure.