Influence of plant growth regulators, carbohydrate source and concentration on micropropagation and other physiological traits of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shahroudi) under in vitro conditions

The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a native of central Asia and has been propagated by various methods, including in vitro propagation. Present research was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators (BAP, IBA), carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, fructose, table sugar) and their concentrations (30, 60 and 90 g/l) on the proliferation, root induction, protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shahroudi) in in vitro conditions based on a completely randomized design with three replications, using nodal explants. The result showed that the highest rate of proliferation (3.04 shoots per explant) occurred at MS medium, containing 1.5 mg/l BAP plus constant amounts of GA3 (0.3 mg/l) and IBA (0.1 mg/l). The highest rate of root induction (88.88%) was obtained at 1/2 MS medium at 0.5 mg/l IBA. Type and concentration of carbon source had a significant effect on some of the measured characteristics. The highest plantlet height was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 30 g/1 table sugar and sucrose. Also, the highest number of shoots per explant (3.5 shoots) belonged to the use of 30 g/l sucrose in the culture medium, followed by 30 g/l table sugar (3.23 shoots). The highest value of chlorophyll a was observed for 90 g/l glucose, followed by 30 g/l sucrose and 60 g/l table sugar. The highest chlorophyll b contentwas obtained for 60 g/l table sugar, followed by 30 g/l table sugar and sucrose. In general, with regard to most of the characteristics under study, it could be inferred that the propagation efficiency of 30 g/1 sucrose or table sugar was better than other carbon sources. Considering economic reasons and time, these treatments can be recommended for the commercial micropropagation of the Shahroudi cultivar of grapevine, instead of traditional methods of propagation.