Positions and Functions of Marja's and Clergy of Shia about Capitulation and Imam Khomeini's Exile

With the death of Ayatollah Boroujerdi, Shia marjaʿiyah turned to be pluralistic. The state assumed that the frequency of maraji taqlidi   will reduce their power, influence, and of course resistance; in contrast, from the 1960s up to the ratification of capitulations, the most prominent mujtahids  with the leadership of Imam Khomeini resisted in the face of all the illegal and anti-religion plots of the state, the most salient of which were Land Reforms and State and Provincial Associations. The main purpose of this study is to find the reason of schism and dispersion between Shia marja’iyah at the time of the ratification of capitulations. The contention of the study is that the tough policy of the state in confronting the people, and especially attacking Fayzieh, lead some of the Ulamas to change their views to continue the resistance and refuted to follow Imam Khomeini in fighting against the regime. In this study, by using the descriptive-analytical method and by relying on first-hand historical documents, it has been tried to deal with this question.