The Physical and Social Resilience Framework of the City Districts against the Earthquake(Case Study: Keshavars District in Region 6 of Tehran City)

Despite several decades of valuable research by researchers in the field of disaster resilience, there are still many uncertainties about this issue. Perhaps the only thing that exists in this regard between consensus researchers is that the resilience is a complex, multifaceted, and multiple dimensional concept. This issue also has more uncertainties in the resilience of the neighborhoodcity districts, especially in social and physical aspects. However, improving the resilience of urban neighborhoods against a disaster such as an earthquake is important and can be exploited using the capacities and potentials available at these levels to reduce the possible consequences of the earthquake and return time to the previous and even better than before aAccelerated.
Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to "develop a resilience framework to promote earthquake risk management at the neighborhood with an emphasis on physical and social dimensions." Also, identification of factors and indicators that affect earthquake and capacity building for earthquake risk management with a community-based approach in the framework developed to improve the resilience is another aspect of this study.
In order to create a framework for physical and social resilience of the neighborhood against earthquakes, first specialized texts and global experiences have been studied, and based on this, key components and indicators of physical and social resilience of the neighborhood have been deduced. To determine the sub-indices, the four-dimensional framework of Bruneau was selected as the basis for this field of study. After deducing the indicators, the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was used to achieve their weight and prioritize them. Subsequently, by selecting a neighboring unit from Keshavarz district in region 6 of Tehran, observations were done and descriptive and analytical maps were prepared in CAD and GIS softwares. Then by SWOT technique, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified. The SWOT table was analyzed with respect to the weight of the indicators and a final strategy was proposed to enhance the resilience of the case study.
This article concludes that the 4 criteria of Bruneau (4R), including "Robustness", "Resourcefulness", "Redundancy" and "Rapidity", in promoting earthquake resilience, despite providing a good foundation, in the "neighborhood scale" are not complete and comprehensive. In addition to the 4R, in order to achieve a resilient neighborhood, there are other criteria such as "flexibility", "compatibility", "diversity", "centralization", "density", "enclosure", "legibility" , "regularity", "balance", "collaboration", and "cohesion" are also considered.