The Effect of Gingival Biotype on Orthodontic-induced Periodontal Complications: A Systematic Review

Maintaining periodontal health in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is crucial. Biotype is a substantial factor to be considered in this regard. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the scientific evidence with respect to the relationship between biotype and marginal periodontal alterations induced by orthodontic interventions.

The electronic search was conducted for pertinent studies at three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane up to August 1, 2019 based on a detailed protocol according to the PRISMA statement. The authors also completed a hand search in six dental journals and the bibliographic list of the relevant studies.

Of 1512 citations retrieved through the electronic search, 602 were duplicate entries. Evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, 8 articles succeeded the inclusion criteria; however, no relevant studies was found through hand searching. The evidence suggested that recession was negatively associated with the thickness of the facial margin. These findings are more evident in proclination and using fixed appliances.

The existing evidence suggests that orthodontic therapy may result in small detrimental effects to the periodontium, especially in patients with thin biotype. However, due to the limited investigations and their inconsistent methodology, further well-designed prospective studies are needed.