Estimation of germination cardinal temperature in cold and tropical Vetch

Cold and tropical Vetch (Vicia villosa and Vicia pannonica)are an important plants which did not do any experiment about quantification of them germination reaction to temperature. Thus, a CRD experiment performed in seed research laboratory of Urmia University with four replications which temperature treatment were eight levels of temperature as: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 º C. Results revealed that temperature had a significant effects on germination rate and it’s percent and segmented model estimated greatly cardinal temperature (base, optimum and ceiling temperatures). Germination rate of Vicia. Pannonica in equal and less than -7.6 and equal and higher than 40.76 ºC stopped, though this thermal range for V.  villosa was equal and less than -3.8 and equal and higher than 41.2 º  C, respectively. R max were 0.027 and 0.033 h-1 for V. pannonica and V. villosa respectively. Also, results emphasized that both of Vicia species can be geminate in less than zero temperature and in V. Pannonica the base temperature was fewer than V. villosa, so, germination percent and its rate increased by upgrading in temperature to optimum temperature. Therefore, both Vicia species can geminate and emergence in  extended range of environmental thermal from -7.6 to 40.76 º C for V. Pannonica and -3.8 to 41.2 º  C in V.  villosa and thus recognized as a forage crop with acceptable production for various season and climate.