Types of Tactics for the Formation of Ethical Leadership Based on Different Levels and Situations of the Crisis Case Study: Islamic Republic of Iran Defense Industries Organization and subsidiary groups

The issue of ethical leadership in organizations is a matter of particular concern addressed specifically for threats such as coping with the crisis and opportunities for ethical behavior and the issue of unethical behavior. Considering the importance of this concept, the purpose of this research is to provide tactics for the formation of Ethic Leadership based on different levels of crisis and coping with the crisis in the organization of defense industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research has used the philosophy of interpretation, deductive approach, qualitative method, and data strategy with an emerging approach. The study population was the managers and experts of the Defense Industries Organization and its de- pendent groups that had a theoretical and practical knowledge of ethical leadership and its contributing factors. The sample was also 22 experts from the organization people. The analysis method based on the Glaser coding method. In the final stage of coding, and for theoretical coding, the family of "tactic" Glaser used. The results of the theoretical coding showed that four major tactics for the formation of ethical leadership in the Defense Industries Organization include facilitating and supporting, co-operating, explicitly and coercing, and emphasizing and appealing. These tactics show that the organiza- tion uses various tactics in order to achieve ethical leadership, most of which are in these four categories. These tactics help managers and leaders of the defense industry organization to provide ethical leaders in the breeding organization, coping with the crisis or the context in which they formed.