Effect of nozzle type and spray volume on clodinafop-propargyl efficacy in winter wild oat (Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana Durieu.) control

Selection of suitable nozzle type, regarding the size of droplets and the volume of spray to apply herbicides optimally is necessary. In the spray deposition experiment, conducted using a factorial (six nozzle types × two nozzle sizes) arranged as a completely randomized block design, the moisture-sensitive papers were used and localized in four positions. In dose-response experiment, six doses of clodinafop-propargyl(0, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 64 gr.a.i. ha-1) were sprayed using six nozzle types with two nozzle sizes (11002 and 11004) at five-leaf growth stage of winter wild oat. As the nozzle number increased, more surface area of all moisture sensitive papers was wetted. Although the size of droplets increases with increasing the size of nozzles, the efficacy of clodinafop-propargylto controlwinter wild oat was increased. For the nozzles size of 11004, the performance of nozzles in the efficacy of clodinafop-propargylbased on the ED90 values was as Twin Fan Standard > Standard Flat Fan > Compact Fan Air > Twin Fan Low Drift > Fan Low Drift > Twin Fan Air.