Surgical Treatment of Early-Stage Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is one of the significant causes of mortality in the premenopausal period and the second most common cancer in women. According to the screening test and pap smear, a physician can diagnose cancer in the early stage. Therefore, identifying the preferred and novel method of treatment is crucial. This review article performed based on recent data from PUBMED, MEDLINE, ISI, and other reliable databases. Conization or extra facial hysterectomy is appropriate in women with a micro-invasive type of cancer. Fertility preserving surgery such as conization preferred in patients in reproductive age that tend to save the fertility, tumor size is less than 2 centimeters, without invasion to lymph nodes and parametrium and unusual pathologic features such as neuroendocrine. Radical hysterectomy is the preferred method of surgery in stage IA2 and IIB1. Some oncologist surgeons recommend radical hysterectomy in stage IB2 and IIA with small size tumors and without lymph node invasion. For radical hysterectomy in tumors larger than 2 centimeters, laparotomy is the preferred method in comparison to the micro-invasive method. Ovarian metastasis is less common in case of squamous cell histology compare with adenocarcinoma, and ovary can preserve if pathology is squamous cell.