Comparison of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue and Decidua

Stem cell therapy has introduced a new approach to repair and regeneration of organs and tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are able to differentiate into several cell lines, bone marrow is not an appropriate cell source due to the problem of cell division and low efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the healing potential of human MSCs obtained from three sources including Bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and fetal membrane decidua (DSCs) tissue in vitro. 

MSCs were isolated from the human Bone marrow, Adipose tissue and decidua stromal cell , cultured for 10 passages, and assessed for: phenotype with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, multipotency with differentiation capacity for osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenesis, growth evaluation with population doubling time and population doubling level was performed.

Despite of similarities in terms of surface antigen expression and self-renewal capacity, MSCs of different sources demonstrated significant differences with regards to proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation capacities. DSCs showed the highest cell proliferation capacity and appeared to preserve it up to the tenth passage whereas BM-MSCs possessed significant advantage for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and AT-MSCs showed the most potent adipogenic differentiation capacity among the others. Although demonstrating significant advantage for cell proliferation capacity, DSCs possessed the lowest osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities.

Because AT-MSCs and DSCs as effectively as BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs and DSCs may constitute an alternative source for BM-MSCs.