Exchange of State Orders Durign Two Visits of European Countries by Mozzafar al-Din Shah

Iinvestigates the importance of exchange of State Orders during the two visits by Mozzafar al-Din Shah (r. 1896 -1907) to Europe.

Data is collected from archival materials held at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Archives of Iran, as well as library resources.

Official correspondence between Iran and the European countries visited shows that the importance the exchange of such Orders was consid-ered singnificane and could have influence on mutual relationship. However, failing to observe diplomatic protocols caused irregularities with negative implictions for Iran in some cases.