Methods and Functions of understatement in Hafiz's Sonnets

One of the main features of Hafiz's poetry is his rhetoric. He achieved this by applying various literary techniques. One of the safeguards used to enhance the rhetoric of his poems is the use of, which has so far remained hidden from scholars. Understatement is a rhetorical and literary tool that is the point of exaggeration, and the point is to make someone or something weaker, inferior or inferior to themselves or to express them. In the present study, first, based on the viewpoints of the scholars, a complete definition of the understatement is presented, then the conceptualization methods of the understatement are reduced and its aims in Hafez's poems are analyzed through the study of libraries. The research results show that Hafiz, by relying on the extent of his rhetorical and linguistic knowledge, uses words such as few or lesser, I, m fear, perhaps, maybe, better, a little, and able to create the understatement of inferiority in his own words. His poetry has also semantic and aesthetic functions, among which semantic functions can be modesty, moderation, objection with caution, respect, exhortation and admonition, and aesthetic functions to verbal proportions.