A planning framework for post-disaster collective shelters

Accommodation of the victims is necessary immediately after the accident to maintain order and reduce mental, psychological and physical crises, as well as providing better services to the victims of the accident. The experience of the AQ-Qala flood and the temporary accommodation of the victims in sports venues has made the need for the design of a collective shelter even more apparent.Collective shelters are actually existing buildings that are used as temporary accommodation to host the affected population. The buildings used as collective shelters are schools, hotels, community centers, hospitals, factories, religious buildings, barracks and even military barracks. Collective shelters are mostly public buildings that have their own use before the accident and are not designed for accommodation, but considering the additional infrastructure, these buildings can be turned into collective shelters. The most important issues in the design of a collective shelter are as follows: "Appropriate structure on a suitable site", site selection and analysis of the structure and subject of shelter dismantling that should be considered when setting up the complex.The purpose of this paper is to (develop) a conceptual design framework for collective shelter.

 The research method used in this study is a combined quantitative-qualitative method with descriptive-analytical method of field and survey studies. In addition to collecting data, the library study and observation tools and documentation, as well as overseas maps and documents were used.

At the end of this article, collective shelter design factors, including locating the site to designing are presented. These factors have been obtained based on collective form, the experiences of collective shelter designs in different parts of the world and reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of each and reviewing the guidelines of UNDP, UNDRO, UNHCR.

According to Makichr('39')s collective form theory, there are three types of space formation in a collective shelter. They are as follows: compositional form, mega form and collective form. This combination of components creates an integrated whole, both functionally and locally. In this paper, collective shelter is considered a set of these three sub-branches and based on the characteristics and factors involved in each, a design framework has been obtained for collective shelter.