The Relationship of Plasma Vitamin D Status with Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Parameters in Patients with Primary Hypertension

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with markers of metabolic syndrome and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

This was a cross-sectional study on 171 adults (79 men) with primary hypertension and mean age of 50.70 ± 10.88 years, who did not take vitamin D supplement for the past 6 months. Subjects were divided into two groups as deficient (30 ng/ml ≥) and normal levels of vitamin D (30 ng/ml <) and compared for metabolic syndrome indices and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring parameters. Hypertension was defined based on Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC8) scale, and measured by an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters were defined as 24-hour blood pressure (mean during 24 hours), daytime (6-23 hours), and nighttime (23-6 hours) measurements.

The mean vitamin D level was 30.43 ± 4.70 ng/ml, and 65.5% of patients had vitamin D deficiency. Serum vitamin D levels had an inverse and significant relationship with office systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001), and 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic blood pressures (P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with higher levels of triglycerides (P < 0.001) and cholesterol (P = 0.016).

Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, nighttime diastolic blood pressure, and impaired serum lipid profiles.