Role of Macrophages in Vascular Regeneration

Angiogenesis is very important for most strategies for regenerative damaged organs. The natural inflammatory response can be affected by the activity of different types of macrophages and their cytokines. Macrophages exist in a wide variety of phenotypes. These macrophages can range from classic M1 to M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages themselves can include different types of subgroups. These types of macrophages are usually effective in vascular regeneration while M1 or classic macrophages play a role in chronic wounds. The macrophages move toward the M2 phenotype or inhibit the polarization of the macrophages toward the M1 phenotype. On the other hand, macrophage polarization can be affected by a variety of factors, such as different types of miRNAs. The process of vascular repair and enhancing the therapeutic potential of drug regulators the treatment of vascular damage through modification of macrophage polarization. Macrophages do this by various mechanisms, which are described in detail in this study. Finally, new therapeutic mechanisms aimed at macrophages in vascular disease are discussed.