Analysis of the functions of the Conjunction "ud" in the History of Beyhaqi and its comparison with Iranian and Arabic languages

The Conjunction of "ud" is the most widely used Conjunction of the Persian language, which, in addition to relating the components of speech to other, has functions such as initial, present, estimation, perception and oath. The study of the History of Beyhaqi indicates the various functions of the Conjunction “ud” in its text, some of which seem to have been influenced by Iranian and Arabic languages. The present article, in addition to examining the various functions of the letter “ud” in the history of Beyhaqi, seeks to show which of these functions has been influenced by these languages. For this purpose, about 1500 sentences and phrases of the text of this book were selected, reviewed and analyzed and compared. The results showed that the functions of “ud” turning in the history of Beyhaqi can be classified into three main groups: letters and initial “ud”, which can be traced in both ancient Iranian and Arabic texts. present, oath, and perception “ud”, which have been translated from Arabic into Persian, and strikes “ud”, “ud” in the meaning of, and “ud” in the beginning of the protest sentences, in which the historical author Beyhaqi has made some kind of innovation in their use.