A Critique of the Theory of the Monotheistic Break of Qur’an From the Perspective of Sadrian Theosophy

Norman Geisler believes that the reason for the transition of the God of the Abrahamic religions from the Trinity to the height of Oneness and All-Richness in the Qur'an is the influence of Plotinus' thought on it. This has led to the emergence of a monotheistic gap between the Bible and the Qur'an. On the one hand, he believes that the thought of the absolute simplicity of divine essence comes from Plotinus and is imported to the Qur’ān in the form of Aḥad and Al-Samad words, and on the other hand, he believes that the relation between attributes and essence is inevitably implied by the occurrence of plurality and the negation of absolute simplicity. In this paper, the dimensions of Geisler's critique have been examined from the perspective of Sadrian theosophy. Instead of the claim for the importing or imposing simplicity concept onto the qur’ānic verses, the inference of the simplicity of the divine essence is done through a philosophical analysis of divine attributes such as absolute richness, absolute perfection, non-limitation and non-destructibility of the divine essence, all kinds of combinations (including the combination of the attributes and essence) are rejected, and the simplicity of the divine essence is emphasized.