Controversial power and knowledge in the Bouayhi era

In the third decade of the fourth century AH, the Buyids practically seized power in Baghdad, and they tried to impose their Shiite sect on the others while avoiding a clash with the Sunni Abbasid caliphate. The current article presents the relationship between the caliphate and the emirate and its nature in that era, as it witnessed many upsets and tensions due to the conflict of goals and interests during a century. In this presentation, the researcher seeks to review the political relations between the Buyids on one side and the Abbasid and Fatimid Caliphate and the Hamdanid Emirate, as well as the Carmatians on the other hand during the fourth century AH, which was known as the golden age of Islamic civilization, And then deals with the controversy of authority and knowledge during the era of the Daylamids, their relationship, and how they dealt with the scientific and literary movement that the Islamic world witnessed during that golden age. The Islamic lands also witnessed quarrels, skirmishes and wars between members of the ruling Buyid family, Whereas, religious strife and conflicts were at the most intense level between the various sects and the various trends in the Islamic society.