Optimization of Forestry, Infrastructure and Fire Management

Forests, sensitive to fires, cover large parts of our planet. Rational protection of forests against fires, forest fire management, is a very important topic area. Our planet is facing the serious problem of global warming. The probabilities of long dry periods and strong winds are increasing functions of a warmer climate. Heat, dry conditions and strong winds increase the probabilities that fires start. Furthermore, if a fire starts, the stronger winds make the fires spread more rapidly and the destruction increases. Under the influence of global warming, we may expect more severe problems in forestry caused by wild fires. For all of these reasons, it is essential to investigate and optimize the general principles of the combined forestry and wild fire management problem. In this process, we should integrate the infrastructure and the fire fighting resources in the system as decision variables in the optimization problem. First, analytical methods are used to determine general results concerning how the optimal decisions are affected by increasing wind speed. The total system is analyzed with one dimensional optimization. Then, different combinations of decisions are optimized. The importance of optimal coordination is demonstrated. Finally, a particular numerical version of the optimization problem is constructed and studied. The main results, under the influence of global warming, are the following: In order to improve the expected total results, we should reduce the stock level in the forests, increase the level of fuel treatment, increase the capacity of fire fighting resources and increase the density of the road network. The total expected present value of all activities in a forest region are reduced even if optimal adjustments are made. These results are derived via analytical optimization and comparative statics analysis. They have also been confirmed via a numerical nonlineaer programming model where all decisions simultaneously are optimized.