Response of sorghum to effect of two azo dye bacteria

A huge amount of azo-dye wastewater is generated annually by the textile industry. At present, the improper disposal of azo dyes to water bodies causes considerable concern as it can disrupt the ecosystem and, because of their toxicity and carcinogenicity, constitutes a possible environmental and health problem. Because of its cheap, environmentally safe, and sustainable properties, chemical, physical, and biological methods have been used to treat azo-dye wastewater, and biological technology has been recognized as a promising technique. Azo dyes are one of the most pollutant synthetic dyes to the environment. Azo dyes can be transmitted through a food chain and may be associated with problems of toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenesis. In this study, contaminated soil with two Azo dyes, Reactive Blue (RB) and Reactive Red (RR) was used in sorghum planting (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) using different dye concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g Kg-1 soil). Increased concentration of the dye caused significant alterations in the morphological characteristics of sorghum, such as steam length, leaves number and leaf area. There was a slight decrease in the plant content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids, while a significant variation in CAT and SOD enzyme activities was observed by increased dye concentration in the soil for both dyes compared to the control group. In addition, a significant increase in proline content was found at higher dye concentrations.