Developments Occurred on al-Mawḍūāt (the Books Regarding the Forged Hadith) in Late Islamic Centuries (Between 10th to Present Centuries)

Hadith, as the most important source of religious teachings after the Holy Quran, encounters many intentional and unintentional challenges. The issue of forging, as the most serious challenge, has been a part of the discussion of the science of hadith. The discipline of investigating forged hadith among the Sunni scholars has been in progress from the 5th century AH to the contemporary period and many works have been written in this regard. The application of the historical approach in the analysis of what is related to the phenomenon of hadith forgery in the later centuries can show a comprehensive understanding of the developments that took in the first and middle centuries. This article deals with the changes and developments in the style of the works titled "al-Mawḍūāt" (The collection of forged hadith) in recent centuries, relying on significant works from the 10th century AH to the contemporary period. Therefore, at first, the reasons why such works continuously emerged in the Islamic world, including the cultural and political contexts in these centuries, have been discussed, and then with reference to the central discourses in this period, including "discourse of critique of baseless hadiths" and "discourse of critique of extremism in finding forged hadith process".