The Effect of Biofertilizers and Biochar on Morphological and Physiological Properties of Narcissus cv. ‘Shahla’ (Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla’)

Narcissus is a bulbous plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers and biochar on morphological and physiological properties of Narcissus cv. ‘Shahla’ (Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla’). The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at Ardakan University, in 2019-2020. The biochar was applied by mixing dry soil at three levels (0, 2 and 4 %w/w), whereas the biofertilizer was used at four levels: without amendment (control), 20 and 40 g kg-1  mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and Nitrozist biofertilizer (that bulbs were dipped in Nitrozist biofertilizer solution for 5 minutes). Results showed that a higher value for diameter of the largest flower (36.73 mm), diameter of sepal (10.53 mm), flowering stem (26 mm), number of leaves (8.66), width of leaf (20.44 cm), dry weight of root (3.18 g/pot), bulb diameter (1.66 mm), caretenoeid (2.22 mg g-1), chlorophyll (98.05 SPAD), calcium (3.83%) and phosphorus (0.96%) concentrations were obtained in combination of 2% biochar and 40 g per pot mycorrhizal fungi. For most studied traits, the use of biofertilizer and biochar alone improved the growth and flowering characteristics of plant compared to the control. However, the best results were obtained in the combined treatment of 2% biochar and 40 g kg-1 of mycorrhizal fungi, while by increasing levels of biochar and biofertilizer in the combined treatments the desired results were not obtained.