Failures in criminalizing espionage in Iranian criminal law

Establishing national security is a major task for every government system, so that the country's success in protecting the security is a good indication of integrity, authority and resident welfare of countries. In the field of national security, Comprehensive and impeccable laws are the most important tools for punishment and crime prevention against the security and tranquility. Reflecting upon Iran's Penal Code texts show that some cases are often hidden from view by ‎lawmakers.‎ using comparative study, this paper explores and examines the various aspects of the Islamic ‎Penal code Art. about some of the most important crimes against security, uncertainties in ‎Legislative elicitation‏ ‏and its level of criminalization comprehensiveness, and offers legal ‎strategies in this area‏.‏ Nowadays, the technical and economic strength is pulling power in every country, and criminalization practices of some crimes against the public interest in the laws of Iran generally differ from major Tends of Criminal Law in recent decades. As Economic, cultural and social security are among the new aspects of security, care should be exercised in formulation of regulations against security crimes such as espionage by law makers.