Arabic folk proverbs and the problem of linguistic security: structure, type and significance, naming and classification

The proverb is the subject of a transient study of specializations, especially since it is a linguistic heritage as much as it is cultural. We use it to justify and support our words and ideas in all fields, different times and ages. The proverb is a rhetorical statement characterized by its content, sources, symbolism, rules, and even its rhythm and music. It is also an influential discourse that reflects a general reality that expresses linguistic and rhetorical practice and collective cultural and social experiences. For all these reasons, this paper aims to study the linguistic and educational aspect of proverbs and linguistic and stereotypical structures (Lachkar 2004, 2013, 2014, 2016 & 2019, Anscombre 1994 ; Kleiber, 1994; El Attar,1999). By registering it in the field of lexical semantics and Arabic dialectology, this study will start by defining the concept of proverb and what distinguishes it from other stereotypes such as the ancient sayings, popular judgment… etc. Then, whatever the logic contained in the proverb and the resulting connotations that may reinforce the representations of an individual or a group, the aim is to study the relations between gender and sex that exist within Arab and Moroccan proverbs. This would help to understand the way in which each category or class sees the other and how this leads to the establishment of a linguistic class and linguistic insecurity. In other words, how does a male see a female (and vice versa) in Moroccan speech and culture? The objective is thus to analyze the way in which members of a class perceive each other and how they interpret their motives and intentions.